Anniversary of the Moscow ambulance – 100 years at the service of people

21 October 2019

The ambulance stations in Moscow turned 100 years old

So people need emergency notes in our capital its centenary!

This is a worthy occasion to remember what kind of automotive technology over the past century worked for the doctors who saved hundreds of thousands of lives of citizens. Actually most of the time drove on those machines, which gave the domestic automobile industry, but this variety of models was not spoiled, however, in the er one time (1940s-1950s) were even public Abstracts nomenclature and Winter. 
the
Before the great Patriotic war (in 1938) there was a massive lorry sanitary – GAZ-55 (M55) with lever shock absorbers on the rear axle
 and with a capacity of 10 sedentary or 6 wounded on a stretcher a man who worked from the late 1930s to the 1950s as ambulances in Moscow.
In the late 1930s in Moscow a widespread ambulance ZIS-101С on the basis of large Executive 7-seater sedans ZIS-101.
In 1942 nurses GAZ-55 was produced in a simplified form with angular front fenders and one headlight and the bumper, but the shock absorbers on the rear axle back in 1943!  

the First post-war domestic medical machine (in 1948 year) became a simple "Moskvich-400-420M" for local doctors, intended for the transport of not seriously ill patients from home to medical institutions and differ from the production sedan only headlamp with a red cross, with the inscription "Help at home" and legkomoyuschayasya the seat upholstery.In the same post-war 1948 in the Metropolitan ambulance even worked for the ambulance ZIS-110A, created on the basis of the government's top class limousine ZIS-110.Many older Muscovites still have a memorable card ambulance GAZ-12B (1951-1960 gg.) established a large sedan ZIM, which are served by the Metropolitan ambulance before the advent Rafikov.due to the shortage of cars is often the role of ambulances, even in Moscow (in the province permanently) carry out the medical car GSA(GROOVE)-653 is a direct successor of GAZ-55 but the chassis is a 2.5-ton truck GAZ-51.Sedan GAZ-M20 "Victory", the role of the ambulance cars were not good (although as "Moskvich" was used for transporting patients to clinics), but the first production station wagon GAZ-22 1Волга" (1962) came to the medical service is excellent – the picture shows a sanitary version of GAZ-22B/-22E (1963-1970 gg.), which, incidentally, went well and export (modification GAZ-22E/-22ЕЮ).Appeared in the early 1960s, the Latvian minibus RAF-977 "Latvia" has revolutionized the provision of emergency care in a spacious (for its time) body medical version of RAF-977И became possible not just to transport the patient, but also to render him more substantial aid. After the modernization in 1969 RAF-977ИМ (three side Windows instead of four) was more reliable and worked at the Moscow ambulance before the end of the 1970s, when it was replaced by a new more modern model.In 1973 at ENEA (other platforms to show automotive innovations in the country for another 20 years does not appear) debuted medical version of the new "Volga-wagon" GAZ-24-03, is designed to carry one patient on a stretcher and two accompanying physicians. This model has become the first domestic ambulences, and as there was enough mass in the Park ambulance, could integrating well with Rafiki, which was never enough.to Say that in the Park Metropolitan ambulance in the postwar period did not have cars can not. So from 1973 years, the views of Muscovites began to attract wagon lemon yellow with a fluorescent red stripe and the famous three-beam star on the hood –  ambulance Mercedes-Benz O408 Binz RTW. Batch of machines bought especially for Moscow, which immediately reduced the mortality rate during transport of critically ill patients. For long years of service with SMP this machine has earned the respect of ambulance drivers for their smoothness and reliability.In 1977, the Metropolitan ambulance received medical RAF-22031, which became for many years its main "combat unit" and one of the most visible and familiar emergency vehicles on the streets of the capital of 1980-1990 

In the early 1980s, Moscow began to appear mini-ambulance RAF-TAMRO with a high roof, equipped fir=aligned firm. Later similar machines began to produce and the RAF.the restructuring (since 1986) in the Metropolitan Park of ambulances began to arrive,  medical ambulance GAZ-24-13 on the basis of the upgraded sedan GAZ-24-10. Outwardly, they differed only in a matte plastic grille, plastic wheel trims, as well as hidden (not too convenient for sanitary model) with the door handles. In 1988, on the basis of the RAF-22038 appeared medical ambulance RAF-2915, which was the basis of the Moscow Park of SMP until the mid-1990s, and even this was the cause of political squabbles between independent Latvia and the Russian Federation, which was forced to maintain for a hostile country, the customs privileges.in small amounts In SMP Moscow in the 1990s came the ambulances and the Latvian RAF-2214. 

the Only alternative to "progestinum the" Rafiki in the early 1990s for Metropolitan SMP was "Volga" GAZ-31023 on the basis of sedan GAZ-31029. In the post-Soviet crisis 1992-94 he had purchased a fairly large batch model. It differed from its predecessors in much worse quality components, a disgusting Assembly and corrosion resistance of the body. In addition, the cramped interior is not actually allowed to use the machine as a full-fledged ambulance. So that as soon as a change she received a "GAZelle" and the drivers and EMTs were able to breathe more easily in every sense.a Real breakthrough in domestic import-substituting automobile industry was the development in 1994 of a series of light-duty utility vehicles "GAZel", in which the middle of 1996 there was foreseen from the very beginning of the medical version of GAZ-32214, which for nearly two decades endured the brunt of the work in the ambulance. On the basis of "GAZelle" was created a lot of medical special versions, including third-party body builders. 

In the 2010s on change of domestic "Gazelles" has started to come foreign. So, in 2013, for SMEs of Moscow was purchased a large consignment of medical car Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Classic, however, the Assembly of the Nizhny Novgorod AZ GAS. 

Thus, after 40 years, the name Mercedes-Benz again began to work officially in the Metropolitan ambulance. 

nowadays in Moscow SMP work VW Caddy, LADA Largus (as a medical vehicle for transporting heavy patients), and

Ford Transit LWB as emergency medical care in different classes of equipment and ambulances. However, Transit now is actually the Russian model, as is going on the factory of the joint venture "FORD SOLLERS ELABUGA" and medical equipment on it sets the domestic company "ST Nizhegorodets", whose branch is located in Elabuga.

PS Perhaps you can add some interesting medical machines, which also traveled through the streets of Moscow, though he has never served the common citizens and especially tourists. They worked in the so-called 4-m management, i.e. in the CDB and served use. the nomenclature of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers. So, on the basis of small-scale Executive small bus ZIL-118 Yunost in 1965, were released the only ambulance ZIL-118A (with lifting roof),but in the 1970s – similar to ZIL-119A on the basis of ZIL-119 (ZIL-118КА). 

At the base of limousine ZIL-4104, and the ZIL-41045, also produced ambulance for maintenance of the first persons of the state.    

P. P. S. there was less VIP-native-medical cars remaining in experienced individual copies and never in Moscow SMP is not working, although it was intended for her.

This, for example, AIPS AZLK-2901М "Moskvich", created on the instructions of the Ministry of health in 2001 as a collaborative effort of companies, NGOs "Screen" ("Samotlor-NN")  KAF based on the pickup AZLK-2335.On the basis of tsmf ZIL "Bychok" in 2003 year, ZIL has created a likeness of ASMP "Mercedes" ZIL-32502, air suspension and single strapped the rear axle. However, as the product AZLK this car remained in single copy.  

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